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The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights Annual report 1999-2000 |
eohr@eohr.org info@eohr.org
eohr@link.com.eg
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Introduction
Section One Section Two : Section Three Section Four |
The Human Rights Situation in Egypt Violations of Human Rights 2000-2001 Sixth: The Freedom of Opinion and Expression In 1999- 2000, there was a setback for the right of freedom of opinion and expression especially the freedom of press and journalists which began in 1955 with the issue of Law No. 93/1995 that was known as the law of press assassination. At that time the human rights organizations and press syndicates succeeded in abolishing this law. However, the summoning of journalists before the Supreme State Security Prosecution is still in force in addition to the confiscation of some newspapers which are issued in Egypt and some publications by the censorship on publications or State Security Investigations. Summoning Journalists to be investigated by the prosecution: On 10th February , the State Security Prosecution summoned for questioning Abbas Al-Tarabily, editor-in-chief of the Al Wafd newspaper , the mouthpiece of Al- Wafd opposition party, and Mohamad 'Abdel 'Alem , journalist in the same newspaper. They were summoned because of an article written in the newspaper dated 5th February 1999 about strikes staged by the workers of the public workers sector and some governmental bodies. The prosecution released the two journalists on bail of L.E. 500 each. The EOHR has expressed its deep concern regarding the previous resolution which states that bail substitutes preventive detention, which is in contradiction with Law 96 of Year 1996 stating that journalists shall not be placed in preventive detention in connection with offences committed by newspapers, except in the case of offences against the president of the state. On 14 February 1999 Galal 'Arif Galal, a journalist at Al-'Arabi Newspaper, was referred to Security Prosecution on charges of libel and slander. The decision was taken upon a complaint made by Kamal Abaza - writer in Al-Ahram Newspaper and deputy of the Shura Council- in which he wasaccused of libeling and slandering him in article published in Al-Arabi titled "Having Immunity" in which it was mentioned the campaign launched by Abaza against journalists. On 16th February 1999, the State Security Prosecution summoned Layla 'Abdel Hameed - Journalist in "Al-Shaab" Newspaper - for investigation due to a complaint filed against her by the Pilot Lieutenant 'Abdel Falah Kota - Head of the Civil Aviation Institution. He accused Layla of libeling and slandering him in an article published in "Al Shaab" Newspaper no. 1328 on 12/1/1994. The article was about the civil aviation institution, in which she claimed that he exploited the law for his own interests. Layla said that she wrote this article after taking the opinion of experts targeting the public interests and maintaining the public money of the institution as it is part of the state's balance. She added that this information is documented and was published in " the Egyptian Waka'e Newspapers " which published the terms of the contract signed between the institution and the companies that would manage and build new airports. On 20th February 1999, the State Security Prosecution summoned the journalist Gamel Shawky and Abas El Tarabity - Editor-in-Chief of El Wafd Newspaper to be investigated for an article written in El wafd newspaper .On 7th February 1999 titled "Secret instruction for banks not to accept more than one year deposits" upon a complaint filed by Dr. Yousef Botros. The Minister of Economy, Mr. Ghali, complained that this article was harmful to the state economy and the prosecution accused the journalist of publishing untrue information and propaganda which was harmful to the public interests. On February 2000, the public prosecution technical office summoned Hanan Abou El Deyaa-a journalist - to ask her upon a complaint made by Mrs. Amal Ezat- a supervisor in the Egyptian Radio and Television Union - accusing Hanan of libeling and slandering her in an article on corruption. However, Hanan was released on the guarantee of her journalist card. Second: Assaulting and insulting journalists during their work: In a session of the regional council of Beni Suef Governorate dated Feb. 1999, the head of the council severely attacked the press and the journalists as well as denying the pioneering role of press in serving the governorate's cases . Accordingly, some representatives of press had to withdraw in protest against this behavior, however, the head of the council insulted, beaten and dismissed as the representative of Al-Ahrar Newspaper in the governorate in addition to banning any journalist who criticized the council from attending its session. In this respect, Mohamed El-Askalani - a journalist in the "Al-Arabi" Newspaper in Asuit (an opposition newspaper) - complained to the prosecution of Asuit - that Dr. Raga El Tahawy- the governor of Asuit had libeled and slandered him, so the public prosecutor agree in March 1999 to summon Dr. El Tahawy to be investigated before Asuit prosecution of appeals. On 8th March 1999, the security officers - in Alexandria company for spinning and textiles - assaulted seven journalists of "Al-Wafd" Newspaper, "El-Akhbar" Newspaper, "El-Mesaa" Newspaper and democratic newspapers to prevent them from covering the news of the fire that broke out inside the company which led to losses estimated five million L.E . It is worth mentioning this occurred within the presence of policemen, who at that time did not protect those journalists. In this regard, the branch of press syndicate in Alexandria issued a statement condemning this unprecedented attack which harmed those journalists morally and materially . Moreover, security forces confiscated the journalists' equipment and cameras. On 8th February 1999, the policemen known as "the visitors of dawn" broke into the house of Mr. Yasser Ayoub - Chief - in - Editor of "El-Geil" Newspaper. Those visitors horrified people and caused damages to the house of Mr. Ayoub without any reason . Furthermore, they arrested Mr. Ayoub, put him in the police station and transferred the next morning to Alexandria to appeal for the ruling handed down against him in a complaint of libel and slander filed against him by the deputy of agriculture ministry. Mr. Ayoub was arrested because he did not pay L.E. 200 Fine which was due to be paid a year and half ago when he was working in "El-Dostour" Newspaper. This fine is a bail which had to be paid in that case. It was worth mentioning that he was released in the same night of his arrival in Alexandria. In 2000, when some journalists were on duty in some constituencies in the parliamentary elections for 2000 and they were assaulted by the security forces for example, they attacked Mr. Mohamed Loutfy - the cameraman of "Al-Ahram" Newspaper - while he was taking pictures of the electoral process in Al-Manyal constituency before the committee of 'Ali al-Garem in El Malek El Saleh. He was arrested and his private cameras were taken but he was released after the interference of Lieutenant Colonel Mahmoud Hazeen - the commissioner of Misr El Kadeema Police Station. In the El-Dokki Constituency: while Mahmoud Abd El Hamid - the cameraman of "Al-Gomhouriya" Newspaper, Seleman Fou'ad - a journalist in "Al-Gomhoriya" Newspaper - Hisham Kamal - a cameraman , Ahmad El Shami and Ayman El Seba were taking pictures and following up the electoral elections before the electoral committee of improving the agriculture lands in the ministry of agriculture, 10 gangsters attacked them in the attendance of security forces who did not interfere despite the fact that they were in possession of knives and other weapons. The security forces in the same constituency assaulted Hussein Abd El Ghani ( the reporter of Gezera Chanel in Cairo ) during his work in El Dokki and Al-'Agouza Constituency as he was following up the security concentration before the electoral committee of improving the agriculture lands in the ministry of agriculture. He was attacked and his private camera was taken ..In the constituency of Helwan no. 24 , the police assaulted Salah El Tayer -the cameraman of "El Afaq el-Arabia" Newspaper and he was detained in a police car when he was taking pictures of the act of banning women from interring the school of El Ma'sara. In the constituency of Manshyet El Qanater: the security forces imposed security block before the committee of Wardan and the committee of women in El Shaymaa School as well as El Shaheed Mostafaa Hegazi primary school. They banned women from interring these committees to cast their voices. In Nabrawa constituency in El Daqahlia : The policemen who were responsible for the security in Nabrawa, assaulted Magy Salama- a journalist in "Al-Wafd" - while he was following up the election in the constituency . The officer Ibrahim 'Abdel 'Aziz and his assistants stopped the journalist from doing his work , took his camera and pull out the film. Mohamed El Tawbati - the reporter of "Al-Wafd" - was threatened of being detained if he interfered in rescueing his colleague. The officer insulted "Al-Wafd" Party and its leaders and claimed that interring the school is forbidden and illegal although the reporters of the sixth Egyptian channels were in the committee. In Ain Shams university : Esam El Sharkawy - a journalist - was detained by security the forces in their car for more than 3 hours. The EOHR followed up on the deteriorating condition of the health of "Al-Gomhoureya" Journalist Gamal 'Abdel Reheem. He said that he would begin a hunger strike on 26th February 2000 at the headquarter of the journalist syndicate because of a decision to transfer him to the hospital and put him in the intensive care unit because of chest pains, circulatory failure and suspected Angina Pectoris. Gamal Abdel Raheem worked for Al Gomhourya in Cairo since 1987 . In 1998 an unjustified decision to remove him to the Aswan Bureau was issued and he filed a complaint. When the complaint was rejected , he went on a hunger strike that led the press union to interfere to limit the transfer period to three months. In 1999, to his surprise, he was transferred to a tripartite investigation committee within the paper. In response, he announced a second hunger strike on 19/3/1999, which led his health to deteriorate. The committee decided to dismiss him, and then re-appointed him with a new salary which in effect cancelled more than 10-year seniority in the paper. This situation escalated on 27/1/2000 when he was referred to the committee for the second time based on a letter by the editor in chief of "Al- Gomhoureya", which paved the way for his dismissal on the pretense of declining to work again so he went on hunger strike again. On 10th July 2000, there was an open hunger strike where 75 journalists - members of the syndicate- and 7 trainee - protested against the authority order to hang "Al-Shaab" Newspaper and freeze the activity of labor party by the parties affairs committee. Third: Restricting the academic freedom and scientific research: In Cairo university, Docotor 'Abdelmoneim El Gameli - Professor in the Education Faculty in Cairo university- El Faiuom branch- was transferred to disciplinary board to be investigated for his refusal to teach part of the book" Mazameer" written by 'Abdallah Nadeem - the spokesman of Al 'Orabia Revolution- who wrote this book while he was in exile in Istanbul ,the professor had to teach this book as a sample of the political books of the nineteenth century and a copy of it is in the Cairo university library. One of the professors of history department took some copies of these book pages and complained to the University President saying that this book is obscene and invoking riot. In the American University in Cairo, the students and their parents were angry upon Mrs. Samia Mehrez - the professor of teaching novels- who teaches the novel " El Khobz El Hafi"' which is written by the Morocco writer - Mohamed Shokry. This book was teached to the first year student in the Arabic literature subject. In this respect, the national Egyptian newspapers launched a campaign against teaching this book which included details of sexual relations and which was against morality. This campaign cooperate with students and their parents to appeal to the ministry of advanced education to stop teaching this book. In 12 June 1999, EOHR followed with great concern the referral of Dr. Saeed El Deen Salama, professor at the Faculty of Agriculture of the Suez Canal University, for investigation because of articles he published in Al-Wafd and Al-Shaab Newspapers. These articles were about globalization, Al- Azhar, the boycott against Libya. EOHR affirmed in its press release that this investigation violates Article 47 of the Constitution, which states that: "The Freedom of opinion is guaranteed. Every individual has the right to express his opinion and to publicize it verbally or in writing….or by other means within the limits of the law." It also violates Article 49, which states that" the State shall guarantee the freedom of scientific research and literary, artistic and cultural invention and provide the necessary means for its realization." Further, it contravenes the provisions of the international Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) which uphold freedom of opinion , expression and belief. Fourth: The confiscation of the freedom of citizens' expression : In 23 January 1999, the prosecutor of Damanhour detained Mohamoud Taifour - a student in the third year of the faculty of physical education in El Haram- for 30 days pending investigations. He was accused of an unprecedented strange and odd charge which was sending telegraphs to the presidency of state containing : right has been lost…..Justice has been lost in your regime, Mr. Mubarak … no security and no safety……no Mubarak" and sending some telegraphs to the head of State Security Investigation and to the security head of El Beheira. He sent these telegraphs to have the sympathize of the authority with his father who subjected to injustice by one of authority men and he was about to go into jails. The man who wrote these telegraphs was from Delengat and has not any relation to any political groups but he was a member of National Democratic party and he was released after the president of state interference. It is worth mentioning that he was imprisoned for four days pending investigations extended to 15 days then extended to another 15 days changed with libel and slander. In Mehala, the State Security Investigation arrested a citizen on 20th October 1999 and he was presented to El Mahala El Kobra prosecution ( section one ) charged with having papers that disturb work and incite public disorder. The prosecution imprisoned him for 15 days pending investigations . EOHR received the information that he was beaten during his arrest and that he went on hunger strike since 20/10/1999 then he was transferred to Public Tanta prison in 23/10/1999 although he was on hunger strike. Since then EOHR did not have any information about him because the prison headquarter did not give EOHR any information which made us worried about his heath. On 14 March 1999, The State Security investigation officers arrested three members of the Tagamuu' political party : Mohamed 'Aouf trade unionist, Yehia Fekry Amin engineer, and Wael Mohamed Tawfeek. They were referred to the State Security Prosecution on charges of disseminating information that threatens public security , social peace and stir unrest among workers .They were arrested following their participation in a conference held to discuss the new draft Unified Labor Law in Shoubra el-Kheima. Fifth: Confiscation of newspaper and prints The Egyptian authority continued on the refusal of giving permission to the join stock companies working in the field of press and publications. The amendment of an article of law no. 159 of 1981 stipulates the need to obtain the approval of the cabinet to establish companies whose aim , or one of their aims, is to the publication of newspapers . Accordingly , Mr Essam - the founders deputy -challenge the negative decree to cancell the publication of "El-Karama" Newspaper. On 8th March 1999, the mass communication ministry confiscated the newspaper no. 14 of El A'ela newspaper without any reason because of two articles written by Mr. Ibrahim 'Essa - Editor-in-Chief of El Dostour and Mr. Gamal Fahmi - editor manager in the same newspaper. On 28th February 1999, the Supreme Press Council confiscate Sawt El Umma Newspaper, published by Sawt Al-Umma publishing and journalism House. This confiscation was made on grounds that the publishing house had made changes to the company's structure on which the license had been issued on 20th March 1997.The Supreme Press Council considered that these changes were a violation of article 52 of Law 96 of 1996, and article 28 of the executive regulations of the same law, which stipulates that " In the case of failure to notify the Supreme Press Council of changes in the company information after a license has been granted, or of changes in the information without the approval of the Supreme Press council, the license to publish shall be considered void". The confiscation of the license of Sawt Al-Ummah Newspaper, published by Sawt Al-Ummah Publishing and Journalism House, a company founded under law 159 of 1981 for joint stock companies and the press law 96/1996, is unprecedented and an indicator of the increase in the phenomenon of administrative intervention in press affairs. The EOHR believes that this decision is a serious violation of freedom of expression and opinion and the right to establish publications, and a grave violation of the constitution. The most alarming matter was that the Supreme Press Council on the same reasons used against Sawt Al-Ummah against any party or independent press if they were to make any changes to the administrative or editorial structure or the board of directors, or change their printing house without notifying the Supreme Press Council, or even if it was notified but did not approve of the changes. On 10th May 2000, The Judicial administrative court " the first constituency" cancelled the decree of stop publishing and circulating "Akhbar el-Parlaman" Newspaper in Egypt. The court based its ruling on the Mr. Fayeez 'Abdel Mageed 'Abdel Hafeez 's judicial suit against the prime minister , mass communication minister and the general supervisor on publications and press in the mass communication ministry. He filed this case to stop the decree of the mass communication minister in which he prevented the printing and distributing "Akhbar el-Parlaman" Newspaper as the court handed down a ruling in the session of 6th April 1999 to stop implementing the decree but the administrative body disregarded this ruling and it did not only take a negative attitude towards it but also protested against the ruling before a non-competent civil court which affirmed its refusal to execute the ruling and not submitting to the judiciary rulings. The ruling of the printing and distributing " Akhbar el-Parlaman" Newspaper in Egypt based on the refusal of implementing a judicial ruling or postponing it by the official was a crime which requires his detention and firing him so as to respect the ruling and the sovereignty of state law. Thus, eventually, the court handed down a ruling to print and circulate this newspaper in Egypt. On 14th September 1999, the censorship on the foreign publication body in the ministry of mass communication confiscated the issue no. 24 of the monthly "El-Tadamun " which is issued and printed in Cyprus. It was confiscated because of an introductory article written by the editor-in-chief titled "press freedom in Egypt is a cynical play" in which he criticized the imprisonment ruling against Magdi Ahamad Hussien and Essam Bedewi - Journalists in El sha'b newspaper in libel and slander suit filed by Dr. Yousef Walli - Agriculture minister. It is worth mentioning that the issue no. 8 of the same newspaper was confiscated because of an article in which the editor-in-chief criticizes the stance of the Arabic leaders towards the blockade on Libya and Iraq. On 12th August 1999, the State Security Investigation confiscated the novel "the kill of the old man" written by Ibrahim 'Essa . They went to the Al Ahram Printing House on 22nd July 1999 while printing and distributing the novel was going on and they gave orders to stop printing and distributing the novel claiming that this novel contained political issues which disturbing the state national security. It is worth mentioning that the confiscation came in a series of the harassment that Ibrahim 'Essa - the writer - was subjected to. On 26th February 1998 the Egyptian authority stopped printing and distributing "El Dostour" Newspaper and on 19th August 1998 " Alf Lela wa Lela" was confiscated whose editor-in-chief is Ibrahim 'Essa .In addition to stopping printing "El Demoqratiya" Newspaper and "El -'A'ela" Newspaper which they contained the writings of Ibrahim 'Essa. Eventually, the Supreme Press Council issued a resolution to revoke the license after Ibrahim 'Essa joined its board of editors. On 9th February 1999, "Al-Ahram" Newspaper stopped publishing an article written by Fahmi Howaidy titled "Either to be straightforward or to retire." This article was about an Egyptian cultural week in the Serbian Capital Belgrade included in the following "As a Piano professor at the Cairo Conservatoire she held a concert in Belgrade, simultaneously the Serbian soldiers were shooting Albanian Muslims in Ratshak and they killed 50 people in a series of their massacres" On 28/2/2000, Cairo Court for Urgent Matters refused to accept a suit filed to stop circulating a book tilted "Abi Adam" written by 'Abdel Sabour Shaheen. This suit was filed by El Sheikh Yousef El Badri. The court refusal based on the fact that El Sheikh Yousef El Badri had nothing to benefit from filing a suit and didn't have any proof that the writer had deviated from Islamic beliefs. The court added that the Islamic research complex said this book was not against the Islamic belief and that claimant was trying to confiscate other point of view and efforts (ijtihad). Furthermore, El Azhar and the scientific committee Islamic research complex did not deny the method of the book in trying to reconcile between the science and religion and the effort (ijtihad) to interpret verses from the Holy Qura'n. Although the committee did not agree on some parts of the book , the writer did not violate Islamic beliefs and did not commit any fault in his interpretation of the verses from the Qura'n. The report of the committee affirmed and recommended the importance of efforts (ijtihad)and the need to keep up with scientific developments through an accurate fundamental scientific method in which the researchers must not violate the Islamic belief. and Shari'a (Law of Islam). In a sudden development, EOHR has learned on 19th January 2000 through the notification no. 1484 of 1999, issued by Misr Al-Qadima Police Station , that the Governor of Cairo had issued the administrative decree no. 592 on 20th September 1999 to close 14 newspapers and newsletters, including that of EOHR (Huqouq el-Insan)"Human Rights". The decree was said to be based on instructions from the former council of Governors, that was headed by former Prime Minister Dr. Kamal Al-Ganzouri, until August 1999. It is worth mentioning that (Huqouq el-Insan) was a newsletter published by EOHR since 1986. It was circulated among the members of the organization and published 38 issues so far. The aim of the newsletter was basically to notify EOHR members of the activities of the organization , raise their awareness of human rights issues, and get them in touch with the latest human rights developments locally, regionally , and internationally. EOHR considered this decree as a new attack against society , and a direct violation of the freedom of opinion and expression. EOHR noted that the decree contained some direct political labeling for some of the newspapers and newsletters (e.g. Nasserist, Wafdist, and Communist). EOHR was quite astonished that such descriptions were used by an official administrative authority . The names of newspapers and newsletters which were closed : Akhbar Al-Giza Sout Youliou Hushood 23rd July Al-Rashrash Al-Nidaa Al-Mugtamaa Al-Madani ( Civil Socity) Al-Sayedat Akhbar Al-Darayeb Al-Nahar El-Beiaa Oyoun Misr Hokouk Al-Insan Six: Judicial rulings to imprison journalists: On 25th June 1999, the Maadi misdemeanors court issued in absentia a ruling of six months imprisonment and LE. 200 fine against two of the board of press syndicate who were Yehai Kalash - Journalist -and Mohamed 'Abdel Qudous - Journalist . This ruling followed the complained presented by one of the officers of the prisons institution charging them with assaulting him during his work on 25th August 1998 when a member of People's Council was visiting Gamal Fahmi- Journalist- who was imprisoned in Mazraet Tora Prison. While they were leaving the prison , taking the bus of the visit and Yehia Kalash was standing next to the door because of the crowd , an officer wearing civil clothes insulted Yehia and asked Yehia to leave the bus due to the crowd . the officer also pushed Galal who was sitting next to him and pulled Yehia from his shirt forcing him to leave the bus. Then the officer ordered the guarding soldiers to take Yehia into the prison where they assaulted him for 20 minutes . Mohamed 'Abdel Qodous and Ragaa El Merghini - Journalists - went to the prison warden who asked the prison's doctor to examine Yehia and write a report . The doctor said that Yehia had received bruises and abrasions to his neck , back and legs, upon learning of the doctor's report, the prison warden officially apologized to the journalists. On the other hand the syndicate council complained to the interior ministry and the public prosecutor. However, when the syndicate lawyer went to El Maadi prosecution office he was surprised to find that there was a ruling against Yehia El Qolshi and Mohamed Abd El Qodoss so the syndicate objected to the ruling and consequently the court acquitted them of the charges. The journalists Magdi Ahmed Hussein - editor -in-chief of "Al-Shaab" Newspaper and a member of the Press Union Council , Salah Bedeoui - editor in the same newspaper- were sentenced to two years imprisonment with hard labor by the Cairo Criminal Court in its 1/4/200 session. 'Essam Hanafi - a cartoonist- was sentenced to one year imprisonment. The three journalists along with Adel Hussein- journalist- received a L.E 20,000 fine. In addition, all of them were ordered to the claimant 501L.E as damages. The four journalists were charged with libel and slander due to a complaint to the public prosecutor filed by the minister of agriculture and deputy prime minister Yousef Wali on 1st April 1999. EOHR learned that "Al Shaab" Journalists would present an objection against the ruling which was issued in absentia in the session preceding the session of handing down of the ruling. The four journalists were referred to the criminal court which issued its rulings on 15th August 1999. According to these rulings the three journalists Magdi Ahmed, Salah Bedoui and 'Essam Hanafi received L.E. 200 fine. They appealed before the court, which revoked the rulings against them on 5th December 1999.The three journalists were released after spending four months imprisonment. The Boulaq Court of Misdemeanors passed a ruling on 17th May 2000 in the case of libel and slander filed by Hussein Sabour , an engineer, against five journalists of "Al-Shaab" Newspaper (Labor Party Newspaper), which was known as the case of people vs. Sabour. Those journalists were Talaat Rameeh, 'Abdel Monem Ahmed, Magdy Ahmed Hussein and Essam El Din Hanafy- a caricaturist. The court sentenced Talat Rameeh- a journalist- to six years imprisonment with hard labor and a L.E 500 fine. The other four were received a fine of 7500 L.E. It was known that two of Al-Shaab journalists, Magdy Ahmed Hussein and Essam El-Din Hanafy were imprisoned in Mazraet Tora prisonn along with their colleague Salah Badawy-the Journalist- after the court of Assize sentenced them to imprisonment on 1/4/200 in the libel and slander case which was filed by the minister of agriculture - Youssef Walli. Engineer Hussein Sabour has submitted a complaint to the public prosecutor where he accused the aforementioned journalist of libel and slander as a result of a campaign organized by "Al-Shaab" Newspaper by the end of 1998 to April 2000 and for 36 issues. Sabour accused "Al-Shaab" Journalists of using offensive expression and accusing him of corruption, abuse of power and making contacts with Israel. The public prosecutor referred the case to Boulaq Court of Misdemeanors, which passed the above mentioned sentence and the journalists filed an appeal on 16/4/2000. Engineer Fahim Rayan, head of Egypt Air filed a suit against 5 journalists in Al Ahrar Newspaper who were; Mohamed Salah El-Din Kabadaya (Editor-in-chief), Hosam Soliman Morsi, Mohamed Abdel Fahim Abou el-Nour, Hisham Mohamed Mostafa, and Nabil Sadek Rezk Allah. The court handed down a ruling to imprison all of them for six months, set bail at L.E 500, and set a fine of L.E. 7500. It also obligated them with the civil rights responsible to give the plaintiff a temporal remuneration amounting L.E 501. This was due to the press campaign started by Al- Ahrar Newspaper, (according to monitoring reports) throughout the period from 19th September 1997 to 24th September 1997 under the title "Breaches in millions within the Kingdom of Egypt Air" reporting to the public prosecutor the financial corruption and forgery. |
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